Understanding TMD
Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) refers to a painful dysfunction of your temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Responsible for opening and closing your jaw, the TMJ consists of the upper temporal bone connected to your skull and the mandible, or lower jawbone.
TMD symptoms can vary, ranging from pain in and around the joint while chewing, limited range of motion or locking of the jaw, stiffness of the jaw muscles and pain that radiates into the face and neck. You may also hear a popping or clicking noise when you open or close your mouth.
Causes of TMD
Often, the exact cause of temporomandibular disorders are unknown. However, several contributing factors such as occlusal abnormalities (upper and lower teeth touching), orthodontic treatments, poor health and nutrition can lead to TMJ pain. Pain can result from inflammation, arthritis, trauma to the joint, joint laxity, muscle tightness or trigger points, cervical or thoracic pain and psychosocial factors such as chronic stress, anxiety, depression or pain.
Treatment of TMD
Physical therapists at SOG are skilled in providing TMD therapy to people who are seeking relief from TMJ pain.
To successfully treat TMD, physical therapy programs may consist of one or more of the following:
- Flexibility and postural strengthening
- Relaxation and self-management techniques
- Skilled mobilization
- Therapeutic use of ice/heat, ultrasound, iontophoresis and electrical stimulation